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Li Erqu is one of the three greatest Confucian at the beginning of the Qing Dynasty. In his theory, Li Erqu thinks that everything in the world is changing, evolution and self generation process, and pay more attention to the firs...
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Li Erqu is one of the three greatest Confucian at the beginning of the Qing Dynasty. In his theory, Li Erqu thinks that everything in the world is changing, evolution and self generation process, and pay more attention to the first primitive in its movement in the world, which shows the thought of process and generative theory in ancient Chinese philosophy is not only rich but also profound. He inherits and develops Confucian Theory on epistemology and Gong Fu Ontology accomplished by Zhang Zai who put peoplea??s inside and outside together, and put forward onea??s heart makes appropriate and fast response to the changing environment outside. Therefore, he thinks the real Confucian has to build his morality inside and struggle to become a ruler in the real life at the same time. Based on the old version of Great Learning, Li Erqu thinks the core of this book is "Mingtishiyong", the first step of learning is "Gewu", and the guiding principle is "Huiguozixin". The mode of interpretation mentioned above reflects Li Erqu combines Neo-Confucianism with the Xin Xue which is proposed by Liu Jiuyuan in South Song dynasty. To an extent, Li Erqua??s epistemology of the Great Learning happened to coincide with some theory of information construction in contemporary information philosophy on this point.
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Seasonal influenza is an acute viral infection caused by influenza virus, which is often prevalent in summer and winter. In contrast to the prevalent focus on winter flu, summer flu is often ignored by epidemiological researchers....
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Seasonal influenza is an acute viral infection caused by influenza virus, which is often prevalent in summer and winter. In contrast to the prevalent focus on winter flu, summer flu is often ignored by epidemiological researchers. However, summer flu should be studied because of the special immune status and the influenza spread mechanism in the hot and humid environment. Moreover, people are more likely to catch a summertime cold upon suddenly entering relatively cool air conditioning from the hot and humid environment. To simulate summer flu, we established a flu animal model under a high temperature and humidity environment during the day with a relatively low temperature at night to investigate the anti-influenza virus effect and mechanism of Xin-Jia-Xiang-Ru-Yin. The results of RT-qPCR verified virus replication, while pathological sections showed inflammation. The expression of the IFN-gamma-related regulatory pathway was measured by PCR and immunohistochemistry. We concluded that Xin-Jia-Xiang-Ru-Yin, which combined antiviral therapy and immune modulation effects, might have important therapeutic benefits against summer flu.
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Aim: The aim of this study was to evaluate the antihypertensive effect of Xin Mai Jia (XMJ) and to explore the mechanism of its hypotensive effect.
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This paper aims to shed light on two different mathematical practices in late eighteenth-century China. For this purpose, we analyze two solutions to the "three problems of the eastward motion of fixed stars" that were given separ...
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This paper aims to shed light on two different mathematical practices in late eighteenth-century China. For this purpose, we analyze two solutions to the "three problems of the eastward motion of fixed stars" that were given separately by Jiang Sheng and Li Rui, who were both Qian-Jia scholars in the same region of eastern China. By comparing their modes of problem-solving, of reasoning and of computation, we suggest that the mathematical practices they employed represent the recreation of two traditions of mathematical commentaries by Qian-Jia scholars. (C) 2017 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
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A Gram-stain-negative, non-motile and ovoid bacterial strain, designated 4-2T, was isolated from oil-contaminated water whichwas collected from Xinjiang Province, north-west PR China. The 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis showed tha...
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A Gram-stain-negative, non-motile and ovoid bacterial strain, designated 4-2T, was isolated from oil-contaminated water whichwas collected from Xinjiang Province, north-west PR China. The 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis showed that strain 4-2Tbelonged to the genus Paracoccus. The species with highest similarity to strain 4-2T was Paracoccus saliphilus YIM 90738T(97.83 %), followed by ‘Paracoccus siganidrum’ M26 (97.83 %) and Paracoccus endophyticus SYSUP0003T (97.25 %). The averagenucleotide identity values between 4-2T and three type strains were 84.69, 77.88 and 74.07 %, respectively. The genomic DNAG+C content of strain 4-2T was 61.4 mol%. Chemotaxonomical characteristic results showed that the respiratory quinone wasubiquinone Q-10 and the major fatty acids were summed feature 8 (C18 : 1ω7c or C18 : 1ω6c) and C19 : 0 cyclo ω8c. The polar lipidprofile consisted of diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylcholine, unidentified phospholipids, an unidentified aminolipid and an unidentified polar lipid. The predominant polyamines were putrescine, cadaverine and spermidine. Onthe basis of phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic inferences, strain 4-2T represents a novel species of the genusParacoccus, for which the name Paracoccus alkanivorans sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is 4-2T (=CGMCC 1.13669T=LMG30882T).
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Endothelial dysfunction, which is caused by endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) uncoupling, is an initial step in atherosclerosis. This study was designed to explore whether Chinese medicine xin-mai-jia (XMJ) recouples eNOS t...
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Endothelial dysfunction, which is caused by endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) uncoupling, is an initial step in atherosclerosis. This study was designed to explore whether Chinese medicine xin-mai-jia (XMJ) recouples eNOS to exert anti-atherosclerotic effects. Pretreatment of XMJ (25, 50, 100?μg/ml) for 30?minutes concentration-dependently activated eNOS, improved cell viabilities, increased NO generations, and reduced ROS productions in human umbilical vein endothelial cells incubated with H2O2 for 2?hours, accompanied with restoration of BH4. Importantly, these protective effects produced by XMJ were abolished by eNOS inhibitor L-NAME or specific eNOS siRNA in H2O2-treated cells. In ex vivo experiments, exposure of isolated aortic rings from rats to H2O2 for 6?hours dramatically impaired acetylcholine-induced vasorelaxation, reduced NO levels and increased ROS productions, which were ablated by XMJ in concentration-dependent manner. In vivo analysis indicated that administration of XMJ (0.6, 2.0, 6.0?g/kg/d) for 12 weeks remarkably recoupled eNOS and reduced the size of carotid atherosclerotic plaque in rats feeding with high fat diet plus balloon injury. In conclusion, XMJ recouples eNOS to prevent the growth of atherosclerosis in rats. Clinically, XMJ is potentially considered as a medicine to treat patients with atherosclerosis.
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Background and aim Heart failure (HF) is a complex clinical syndrome that represents the end result of several pathophysiologic processes. Despite a dramatic evolution in diagnosis and management of HF, most patients eventually be...
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Background and aim Heart failure (HF) is a complex clinical syndrome that represents the end result of several pathophysiologic processes. Despite a dramatic evolution in diagnosis and management of HF, most patients eventually become resistant to therapy. Xin-Li Formula (XLF) is a Chinese medicine formula which shows great potential in the treatment of HF according to our previous studies. The present study was designed to investigate the effects of XLF on HF induced by a combination of hyperlipidemia and myocardial infarction (MI) in rats and reveal the underlying mechanism. Experimental procedure A rat model of HF induced by hyperlipidemia and MI was established with intragastric administration of XLF and Perindopril. In?vitro, CD4+ T cells from mouse spleen and LPS/ATP-stimulated THP-1 macrophages were employed. Results and conclusion XLF was shown to have markedly protective effects on MI-induced HF with hyperlipidemia in rats, including improvement of left ventricular function, reduction of left ventricular fibrosis and infarct size. Moreover, XLF administration significantly increased the number of Foxp3+ Tregs, and inhibited mTOR phosphorylation and NLRP3 signaling pathway. In?vitro, we found that XLF had induced Treg activation via the inhibition of mTOR phosphorylation in CD4+ T cells. Additionally, XLF inhibited NLRP3 inflammasome activation in LPS/ATP-stimulated THP-1 macrophages. Taken together, this study raises the exciting possibility that Xin-Li Formula may benefit HF patients due to its immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory effects via Treg activation and NLRP3 inflammasome inhibition.
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Shu-Chang Yan's (2018) recent article challenged the popular notion that the formal translation of psychology into Chinese-Xin Li Xue (心理学)-was first made by the Japanese scholar Nishi Amane (1829-1897) in 1875 (Nishi, 1875; Zh...
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Shu-Chang Yan's (2018) recent article challenged the popular notion that the formal translation of psychology into Chinese-Xin Li Xue (心理学)-was first made by the Japanese scholar Nishi Amane (1829-1897) in 1875 (Nishi, 1875; Zhao, 1983, 1991) when translating Joseph Haven's Mental Philosophy (see Haven, 1869; Howland, 2002; Koizumi, 1971). In the archive of Shanghai News, a popular newspaper in 19th- and 20th-century Shanghai (see Ye, 2017; Zhao & Zhang, 2004), Yan discovered that a Chinese intellectual with the penname of Zhi Quan Ju Shi （执权居士） had already used Xin Li Xue as the name for psychology or mental philosophy on November 28, 1872- 3 years earlier than Nishi's book Haven's Psychology. The 1872 article was about the author's conversation with a Western missionary on the relation between science and the church in the West and a similar prospect in China-that is, that science was gaining the momentum to push aside religion. In the article, Zhi Quan Ju Shi designated some disciplines, including chemistry, astronomy, and psychology, with the same terms used in modern China. Yan thus argued that before Nishi's translation of psychology was widely accepted in China, Zhi Quan Ju Shi had already coined the same term and published it in mass media.
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A facile method for the regio- and stereoselective synthesis of a,13-dehydro-13-amino esters from acetates of Baylis-Hillman adducts with amines was reported. In the absence of any solvent and catalyst, the present strategy worksw...
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A facile method for the regio- and stereoselective synthesis of a,13-dehydro-13-amino esters from acetates of Baylis-Hillman adducts with amines was reported. In the absence of any solvent and catalyst, the present strategy workswell for a series of electron deficient and electron rich aromatic amines as well as aliphatic ones.
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During development, the establishment of directional left-right (L-R) asymmetry is crucial for the correct positioning of organs within the body. How symmetry is broken in the embryo is still incompletely understood at the molecul...
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During development, the establishment of directional left-right (L-R) asymmetry is crucial for the correct positioning of organs within the body. How symmetry is broken in the embryo is still incompletely understood at the molecular level, as is its evolutionary history. A new paper in Development tackles this problem with an analysis of L-R asymmetry in the basal chordate amphioxus. We caught up with first author Xin Zhu and supervisors Yiquan Wang and Guang Li of Xiamen University in Fujian, China, to find out more about the work.
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